Oscilloscope Probes A probe is a conductor used to establish a connection between the circuit under test and the measuring instrument. While connecting the test circuit, the probe does not alter, load or disturbs the circuit and signal conditions to be analyzed. The probe should have high impedance. The probe bandwidth should be as high […]
Measurement of Voltage Using CRO Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) is primary a voltage-measuring instrument. Once we have measured the voltage, other quantities can be calculated. CRO is a voltage dependent instrument and can be used for the measurement of voltages at any frequency within the range of the operation of the CRO. Fig. 1. shows
Frequency, Time Period & Voltage Measurement Using CRO Read More »
Signal Generators A signal generator is an instrument that provides a controlled output waveform or signal for use in testing, aligning or in measurements on other circuits or equipment. The signal generators can be classified into the following categories:- 1. Audio generators 2. Function generators 3. Pulse generators 4. RF generators 5. Frequency synthesizers 6.
Cathode Ray Tube – CRT It is the ‘heart’ of an oscilloscope and is very similar to the picture tube in a television set. Construction of CRT The cross-sectional view of a general purpose electrostatic deflection CRT is shwon in Fig. 1. Its four major components are:- As shown, a CRT is a self-contained unit
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope – CRO It is generally referred to as oscilloscope or scope and is the basic tool of an electronic engineer and technician as voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter are those of an electrical engineer or electrician. The CRO provides a two-dimensional visual display of the signal wave-shape on a screen thereby allowing an
Frequency Counter The most basic function of a frequency counter is the measurement of an unknown frequency. Modern frequency counters, however, offer much more than just frequency measurement. Other related parameters such as the time period, which is the reciprocal of frequency, the time interval between two events and the totalize count, which is nothing
Frequency Synthesizers Frequency synthesizers generate sinusoidal signals of extremely high frequency stability and exceptional output level accuracy. Frequency synthesizers and similar instruments such as synthesized function/signal generators are used to provide test signals for characterization of devices, subsystems and systems. Synthesized function generators, in addition to providing spectrally pure and accurate CW sinusoidal signals, also
Types of Oscilloscope After the multimeter, the oscilloscope is the most commonly used item of electronic test equipment. Be it the electronics industry or a research laboratory, the oscilloscope is an indispensable test and measurement tool for an electronics engineer or technician. Most of us regard the oscilloscope as an item of equipment that is
Logic Analyser The logic analyser is used for performance analysis and fault diagnosis of digital systems. Logic analysers have become a very relevant and indispensable diagnostic tool in the present day instrumentation scenario, with the whole gamut of electronic instruments being centred on microprocessor/microcomputer based digital architecture. In addition, most logic analysers can be configured