Present Continuous को Present Progressive or Present Imperfect भी कहा जाता है। Read the following sentences:
- मैं पढ़ा रहा हूँ।
- वह पढ़ रहा है।
- हम बाजार जा रहे हैं।
- राम खेल रहा है।
इस तरह के वाक्य Present Continuous के अन्तर्गत आते हैं। सामान्यतया इस तरह के वाक्यों के अन्त में रहा, रहे, रही है, जैसे शब्द आते हैं।
जब कोई कार्य वर्तमान में जारी या लगातार Regular process में सम्पन्न हो रहा होता है, तो ऐसे वाक्य Present Continuous Tense के वाक्य माने जाते हैं।
Present Continuous Tense in Hindi
इस तरह के वाक्यों का अंग्रेजी अनुवाद करने हेतु निम्न Sentence Structure प्रयुक्त होता है।
Subject + is/am/ are + V-I + ing + object
सामान्य नियम : Present Continuous के वाक्यों में Subject के साथ helping verb, is/am/are का प्रयोग करते हैं तथा verb की Ist form के साथ ing लगाते हैं।
He, She, it, Name, (Singular number, third person) के साथ is, I के साथ am तथा We, You, They, (plural) के साथ ‘are’ helping verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Negative and Interrogative Sentences
Negative: Subject + is/am/ are + not + V-I + ing + object
Interrogative: Is/are/am + Subject + V-I + ing + Object?
Use of Present Continuous Tense in Hindi
(1) ऐसे कार्य जो वर्तमान में जारी हैं (at the time of speaking) के लिए:
- He is writing a letter.
- Ramesh is teaching in the class.
- He is playing football.
- Kuku is reading a book.
(2) ऐसे कार्यों हेतु भी Present Continuous का प्रयोग किया जाता है जो at the time of speaking नहीं हो रहे होते हैं, लेकिन Regular Process में लगातार हो रहे हैं। जैसे :
- He is writing a novel now-a-days.
- I am serving in this office.
- Sita is learning English Grammar now-a-days.
- Harish is reading in class XII.
(3) Near future में सम्पन्न होने वाले planned or arranged action हेतु भी Present Continuous का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे :
- They are going to Delhi tomorrow.
- We are meeting today in the evening.
- He is coming tomorrow.
- She is coming by 7 A.M. train on Monday.
ये सभी वाक्य, कार्य का होना future time में व्यक्त करते हैं, लेकिन English Grammar के नियमानुसार, इनको Present Continuous में माना जाता है।
(4) Always, continually, constantly, forever के साथ Present Continuous का प्रयोग ऐसे कार्य हेतु किया जाता है जो व्यक्ति आदतन दूसरों की इच्छा के विपरीत frequently करता है। जैसे :
- She is always complaining.
- His wife is continually crying these days.
- You are forever finding faults with others.
- They are constantly disturbing us.
(5) Stative and Dynamic Verbs – कुछ verbs का प्रयोग सामान्य स्थिति में Continuous form में नहीं किया जाता है। इस तरह की Verbs को Stative Verbs कहा जाता है। Stative का अर्थ है fixed, अर्थात् स्थायी । इस तरह की Verb एक Permanent कार्य को लगातार बिना प्रयास के स्थायी रूप में होने वाले कार्य को व्यक्त करती है। इस तरह की Verbs का प्रयोग Continuous form में नहीं किया जाता है। इन Verbs को Non-Conclusive Verbs भी कहते हैं। Stative या Nonconclusive Verbs को पाँच भागों में वर्गीकृत किया जा सकता है:
(a) Verbs of Perception : See, hear smell, taste, feel etc. जब इन Verbs का प्रयोग, बिना किसी विशेष प्रयास के, सामान्य स्थिति में होता है तो इन्हें Present Simple में ही प्रयोग किया जाना उचित है। खुली आँख से स्वतः ही देखने (see) का कार्य होता है, उसी तरह नाक, कान, जीभ ( smell, hear taste हेतु) का उपयोग व्यक्ति स्वतः ही करता है। स्पर्श (feel) भी एक स्वतः होने वाला कार्य है। लेकिन अगर इन verbs का प्रयोग किसी विशेष उद्देश्य हेतु किया जाता है तो इनको continuous में प्रयोग किया जा सकता है। इन verbs में notice, recognise भी शामिल कर लिए गए हैं।
(b) Verbs of Appearance: Look, resemble, seem, appear etc.
(c) Verbs of Emotions: Want, desire, wish, hate, hope, like, refuse, believe, doubt, loathe, mind, care, detest, adore, appreciate, admire, fear, expect etc.
(d) Verbs of Thinking: Think, suppose, agree, consider, trust, remember, forget, know, understand, perceive, realise, recollect etc.
(e) Verbs of Possession: Belong, owe, own, possess, contain, have etc.
ये verbs, stative verbs या Non-conclusive verbs भी कहलाती हैं। इनका प्रयोग सामान्य अर्थ में Present Continuous में करना गलत है। इनका प्रयोग सामान्यतया Simple Present में किया जाता है। निम्न वाक्यों को देखे :
- We are seeing with our eyes. (Incorrect)
- We see with our eyes.
- Are you hearing a strange noise? (Incorrect)
- Do you hear a strange noise?
- We are smelling with our nose. (Incorrect)
- We smell with our nose.
- I am feeling you are wrong. (Incorrect)
- I feel you are wrong.
- The water is feeling cold. (Incorrect)
- The water feels cold.
- The coffee is tasting bitter. (Incorrect)
- The coffee tastes bitter.
- How much am I owing you? (Incorrect)
- How much do I owe you?
- I am hating it. (Incorrect)
- I hate it.
- I am having a car. (Incorrect)
- I have a car.
- I am thinking. (Incorrect)
- I think.
- I am understanding. (Incorrect)
- I understand.
- The book belonging to me. (Incorrect)
- The book belongs to me.
- He is resembling his brother. (Incorrect)
- He resembles his brother.
- I am believing in God. (Incorrect)
- I believe in God.
- I am loving her. (Incorrect)
- I love her.
- I am remembering him. (Incorrect)
- I remember him.
- Are you smelling some thing burning? (Incorrect)
- Do you smell something burning?
- The milk is tasting sour. (Incorrect)
- The milk taste sour.
- This is feeling like silk. (Incorrect)
- This feels like silk.
- I am differing from you on this point. (Incorrect)
- I differ from you on this point.
लेकिन निम्न स्थितियों में इन Verb का प्रयोग Continuous में करना सही है :
- The Session Judge is hearing our case.
- We are thinking of going to USA next year.
- He is minding (looking after) the children, while his wife is away.
- I am seeing my lawyer today.
- I am having some difficulties with this puzzle.
- Are you forgetting your manners? (A reminder)
- The dog is smelling the packet of food.
- She is tasting the sauce to find out whether it is tasteful or not.
- The doctor is feeling the pulse of the patient.
- He is looking for his glasses.
Dynamic Verbs : Dynamic का अर्थ होता है क्रियाशील, गतिशील। यह Stative का विपरीतार्थक शब्द है। जब कोई Verb; Temporary, Momentary या Dynamic कार्य हेतु प्रयुक्त होती है तो वह Dynamic Verb कहलाती है। : He is swimming., She is going., Ram is coming.
Stative Verbs का प्रयोग किन्हीं अवस्था में जब Continuous form में होता है, तो ये Dynamic Verb बन जाती है। जब इनका प्रयोग Temporary / Dynamic कार्य हेतु होता है। जैसे:
- We see with our eyes. (Permanent – Stative verb see)
- I am seeing the teacher tomorrow. (Temporary-Dynamic verb)
- I have a Maruti car. (Permanent – Stative verb have)
- I am having a nice time. (Temporary-Dynamic verb)
- This apple tastes sweet. (Permanent – Stative verb taste)
- She is tasting an apple. (Temporary-Dynamic verb)
- We smell with our nose. (Permanent – Stative verb smell)
- He is smelling flower. (Temporary – Dynamic verb)
- I forget what she said. (Permanent – Stative verb forget)
- I am forgetting her name. (Temporary-Dynamic verb)
Related Posts
- Present Indefinite Tense in Hindi
- Present Continuous Tense in Hindi
- Present Perfect Tense in Hindi
- Present Perfect Continuous Tense in Hindi
- Past Indefinite Tense in Hindi
- Past Continuous Tense in Hindi
- Past Perfect Tense in Hindi
- Past Perfect Continuous Tense in Hindi
- Future Indefinite Tense in Hindi
- Future Continuous Tense in Hindi
- Future Perfect Tense in Hindi
- Future Perfect Continuous Tense in Hindi
- Conditional Sentences in Hindi